Friday, August 7, 2009

Break with a sermon

Here is a sermon I recently preached. It is over Eph. 5:18. I hope it gives you some encouragement. We will jump back into Exodus soon.


INTRODUCTION


Instructions can be confusing. When my wife and I moved up to Cincinnati, we made a trip out to West Chester to visit IKEA to furnish our apartment. She liked this particular large, complicated entertainment unit. I was in charge of assembly. I followed the instructions as best I could and at the end I was supposed to put two large pieces together to finish the project. Well these two pieces did not want to come together. It became a battle of the titans. We struggled back and forth. At some points, it looked like the entertainment unit would be heading back to the store. But I am happy to say that I eventually won out, but as a result our entertainment unit has a few extra anger holes. And what happened. I followed all the instructions as best I could, but they were confusing. It is frustrating when instructions and commands are unclear, confusing, or seems out of reach.



PAUL’S CONFUSING INSTRUCTION


Paul gives us a command in Ephesians 5 that I think would confuse and ultimately frustrate most Christians today, in Ephesians 5:18, BE FILLED WITH THE SPIRIT. This command seems out of reach and if attainable, then it is confusing for us today. It is confusing because we have two extremes in Christianity. One side overemphasizes the Holy Spirit. They teach things like one must speak in tongues or do amazing acts of healing in order to be saved. The other side talks about the Holy Spirit like we talk about distant relatives that have passed away; we mention them on special occasions but only for a brief and hushed period. We cannot fall into these extremes. But we have to carefully consider God’s word teaches on the subject. Paul tells us that as Christians we are to be Spirit filled. It is a command, but what does it look like and how do we do it?



CONTEXT OF EPH. 5:18


Before we can do that let’s look at the context in which Paul is speaking. It begins in Ephesians 5:8. Paul doesn’t just say you were in darkness or you are in light. No he says that you were darkness. That was your known characteristic. That is who you were. But now you are light in the Lord Jesus. That is who you are. Now act like it. And then dropping down to Ephesians 5:15, he tells us how to act now that we are light. Paul gives us three sets of commands. The first is be careful how you walk. Darkness walks unwisely. But you light walk wisely, making the most of every opportunity for the days are evil. The second is don’t be foolish, but understand what the will of the Lord is. Darkness acts foolishly, but you light understand. Then the third, which is where we will and today, is (and this is a loose translation) stop getting drunk, it ruins your life. That is a way of darkness. However light you be filled with the Spirit. All of these are commands to Christians on how to walk as light on how to function properly. How can we Be Filled with the Spirit (Eph. 5:18)? What does it look like and how do we get there?



WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE: SOULFUL SINGING (v. 19)


Before we learn the how to be Spirit filled, we first learn what it looks like. Paul tells us first that the Spirit filled life involves soulful singing. Have you noticed how singing expresses some of our deepest emotions, for good and for bad? I had a friend William, whose girlfriend broke up with him after a two year relationship. After this happened, I didn’t see him for about 3-4 days, so I went his dorm room to check up on him. When I walked in his dorm, on my right was a pile of dirty dishes, on my left was a pile of dirty clothes, and when I walked into his room, on his bed was an unkempt, unshowered, unshaved, pile of what use to be my friend William. And he was listening to songs about girls who break their boyfriends’ hearts. He found some comfort in listening to music that was expressing the pain he was feeling. Or on the good side, when I first start having faith in high school, I attended an FCA Bible study on Tuesday nights. There were 10-15 of us who met at Ozzie’s house. Before the Bible study, we had a time of praise and worship. One of the guys led it with his acoustic guitar. When I first showed up at this cozy, little bible study, I think I tried to out-sing everyone else who was there. I am a terrible singer, but I shouted it. Why? Because I wanted to show the heartfelt joy I had for Jesus and what he did. I wanted to sing about my freedom from guilt and my forgiveness in Christ. My emotions couldn’t be held in. In all times of life, singing reflects our very core.

(READ Ephesians 5:19). If you notice there are two people we sing to in this passage. The second we talk about all the time; when we come together we sing to the Lord. The first though we don’t give enough attention to. We sing also to each other. It is a way for us to encourage one another, to build up each other’s faith. When we come together as a group and sing, “Lord I lift your name on high” or “Amazing Grace,” that means something. We are saying something. Have you ever been a part of a worship service, when the music stops and the voices quiet, the goose-bumps run up your arm and the chills crawl down your back? There is a hush and all you can think is “wow, something just happened here.” Those experiences, that is a part of a Spirit filled life.



WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE: TOTALLY THANKFUL (v. 20)


The second view of a Spirit filled life we get is (READ Ephesians 5:20). Being totally thankful is evidence of someone who is Spirit filled. The text literally says here being thankful always for all things. Now surely that is a typo. Surely he did not mean it. But there it is for all things always. But Eric you do not understand what I am going though, you don’t understand how hard my life is. But that is what it says. I am not saying that it is easy and that I do this all the time, but it says that this attribute is evidence of a Spirit filled life. Paul is a great example of this. In Acts 16:25-31, Paul and Silas are evangelizing in the city of Philippi. Some merchants did not like this and had them thrown in prison. But before they go in there, they are first stripped and then flogged on their backs with rods. Their skin is beaten and opened up. Then they are thrown into the deepest, darkest, and dirtiest portion of the prison. What is their initial reaction? They sing and they pray to God, showing their gratitude. Compare that reaction to Israel’s back in the wilderness. Many sections in Numbers start like this (READ Numbers 14:1-4). The problem with this is that unthankfulness is the seed of unfaithfulness. On the other hand, gratitude is the seed of faithfulness. But do Spirit filled people do this, even during the hard times? I think this verse gives us a hint. “In…Christ,” we keep one eye on the cross remembering of what he did and remembering who we are and how we have changed because of what he did. He died on the cross for our sins that we might stand confident and guilt free in this life and in the life to come. And also, “to…Father,” God is our father he cares. Remember what Luke 11:11 says. And when God seems to be the farthest away, he might actually be closer than he has ever been.



WHAT IT LOOKS LIKE: WHOLLY HUMBLE (v. 21)


The third characteristic I see is being wholly humble (READ Ephesians 5:21). The idea of submission here is a unique one. This submission is not about who is stronger or more important. If someone is bigger than me and threatens me, I will probably submit. Or if my boss who brings me paychecks every 2 weeks tells me to do something, then I will readily submit. But this submission is not about that. We submit to one another, why; out of fear of the Lord. And this fear is not a slavish cringe. It is not a fear that flinches to an upraised hand, like someone who is abused. No this is a reverential awe for the one who is over the entire universe. For the one who created light with a word and the earth in a day. It is a fear that remembers how big he is compared to how small we are. It is a fear that remembers (Philippians 2:6-8). It is that kind of respect and that kind of fear for him that we submit to one another. In that fear of him, we don’t always get our way. We don’t think too highly of ourselves and we don’t think too low of others. This means not getting our own way all the time. And this means being Spirit filled.



HOW DO WE GET THERE?


So we have looked at these different pictures of a Spirit filled person; a Soulful singer, a Totally thankful person, and a wholly humble Christian. But how do we get there. It is one thing to know what they look like, it is quite another thing to become like that. Have you noticed how there is a big difference between your acquaintances and your friends? One of the big is that you sacrifice for your friends. I have a friend, Topher. We are friends and we make time for each other. He has taken Melissa and I to the airport when we needed a ride. I open up my house to him and offer him food and drink. We sacrifice for each others. Now the question I have for you all today: is sacrifice merely the evidence of Topher and my friendship or is it the means to a deeper friendship? The things we do for each other, are the result or the way to be better friends? I would say they are both. We are good friends because we help each other out and our helping is the result of our friendship. It is a two way street. Likewise, singing your soul out to God, being grateful in everything, and being humble towards each other is not just what a Spirit filled life looks like. No, it is also ways to become Spirit filled. So the question for us today is rather easy, is that what we look like and is that what we are doing? Are we giving our whole self to God in worship, in our joys and sorrows, or are we withholding ourselves from him. He wants our very core. Do we have a grateful attitude despite what goes on? That doesn’t mean we ignore when bad things happen, but that does mean that even when those hard times come, sometimes all we know how to do is turn to Jesus and still say thank you. I know you care, you seem far away, please come near, I thank you for this day. I thank you for your sacrifice; I turn to you with all my life. Or are the seeds of ungratefulness robbing our faith. Telling us the lie that life was better before when we were ignorant of our plight and ignorant of the salvation. And do we humble ourselves to each other, or is it always about me getting what I want? If you feel like the Spirit of your spirituality is gone, test yourself with this measure. If you feel like a flickering light give yourself completely to God in song, have a grateful attitude, and humble yourself to each other. Walk as children of the light for this is the Spirit filled life.


Sunday, August 2, 2009

Entering Exodus (part 1)

Bible Survey

Exodus

  • Title

The title of Exodus in Hebrew is Ve'elleh Shemoth, which is the first words of the book and means these are the names. Again Hebrew just takes the first words of the book and uses it as a title. Imagine if we did that in English. Can you guess the names of these famous books by their Hebrewized names: 1) In 1815, 2) As I walked, 3)You do not like, 4) In the beginning (The answers are here but backwards for those who might cheat: 1)selbariesim sel, 2)ssergorp s'mirglip eht, 3)mah dna sgge neerg, 4)elbib eht). Now wasn't that fun. In Greek, Latin, and English the title is Exodus, which in Greek means departure or exit.

  • Author

God wrote the Bible, but he used human instruments. In this case, the text indicates at several points that the basic process of things was that God would speak to Moses, Moses would speak to the people, and then he would write down what God said (Exodus 24:4). There seems to be no good resume from the text to claim anything more than Mosaic authorship. Jewish and Christian tradition agree that Moses was the author. However German Biblical scholarship that happened over 2000 years later, claims otherwise.

  • Date written (Assuming Mosaic Authorship)

Moses wrote Exodus during the wilderness wanderings, so we can date it around 1444 B.C.

  • Purpose

The purpose of Exodus for Israel is to record the beginning of their history as a nation, how they received the Law from God through Moses, and the building of the tabernacle, which severed as a center of worship and a prototype for the Temple later on. What we can learn from it today are attributes of God. God reveals himself through action, ritual, symbols, and the Law. We can learn who he is and how he acted in history. Exodus is one of God's great bits of self-disclosure.

  • The Main Players

The main man in Exodus is Moses. God takes him from the dust in Midian and brings him back to Egypt to emancipate his people. Throughout Moses is God's instrument. One of the great passages is Moses and God's interaction at the burning bush. Read it with fresh eyes in Exodus 3-4.
Another main player is Pharaoh. His main part is not letting God's people go. Rather than submitting to God, he believes in his strength, his gods, and the strength of the most powerful nation on earth. Check out some of their interactions in Exodus 5. There are several different Pharaohs that are believed to be the Pharaoh of this time. The two choices are Amenhotep II or Rameses II. These choices are based on the dating of the Exodus which will be discussed later.
Aaron is Moses brother and his mouthpiece. Aaron is essentially second behind Moses. Exodus 7:1-2
Miriam is Moses and Aaron's sister. She is also an accomplished singer/songwriter and the leader of the womans tamborine dancing parade (Exodus 15:20-21).
The last main player is the nation of Israel itself. They are God chosen people, chosen for his purposes. They were God's treasured possession, kingdom of priests, and his holy nation (Exodus 19:1-6)


Moses by Michelangelo
In St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
(Here is a fun trivia question: If you look at the top of Moses' head, he has horns, why? Anyone who gets this right gets 500, no 1,000 Eric Points)


  • Literary Elements

Here is an outline of Exodus:

Exodus

Israel in Egypt

From Egypt to Sinai

At Sinai

Bondage (1)

Leaving Egypt

(12:37-15:21)

Giving of Law

Giving of the Tabernacle

Moses early life (2-4)

Wilderness

(16-18)

Preparation (19)

Planning the worship

(25-31)

Pharaoh’s Oppression

(5-6:28)

Law (20-23)

Israel and the Golden Calf (32)

God vs. Pharaoh

(6:28-12:36)

Covenant Confirmed

(24)

The LORD and Moses

(33)

Covenant Renewed

(34)

Tabernacle Renewed

(25-40)


A couple important chapters to remember when reading Exodus are 19-20 (which is God choosing Israel as his nation) and 32-34 (which is the account of God revealing his glory to Moses)

And as promised here is an argument for the early date Exodus and late date Exodus.

    • Date of Exodus

Early Date (1446)

Late Date (1266)

Amenophis II (1450-1425)

Rameses II (1304-1237)

1 Kings 6:1 indicates Solomon’s 4th year was 480 years after Exodus. If his reign is dated around 966 BC, then Exodus is 1446

The years 480 in 1 Kings 6:1 is symbolic for 12 generations, which roughly translates to 300 years, meaning Exodus is around 1266

The Merneptah Stela (1220 BC) indicates Israel is already a nation at this time

The Amarna tablets (1400) speak of a time of chaos caused by “Haibru” (Hebrew)

“Haibru” is not the Hebrews, but are native Canaanites that are referred to from the 18th to 12th centuries

Dream Stela of Thutmose IV indicates he was not legal heir to the throne

Archaeological evidence from Lachish, Jericho, Bethel, Hazor, Debir, etc supports 1266 Exodus

Edom, Ammon, and Moab did not exist during the 15th century making it impossible for Israel to have contact with them during the entrance into the land in the 15th century



Now we are about half way through the material on Exodus. It is an important book to us and teaches us a lot about God, his people, and their beginnings. Stay tuned for installment 2.

Tuesday, July 21, 2009

Welcome to Genesis

Bible Survey

Genesis


  • Title

The title of Genesis in the original Hebrew is Ber'eshit. Hebrew usually takes the first word of the book and names it after that. So the first word of Genesis is "In the beginning," and therefore the title is "In the beginning." Greek names this book Genesis, which mean beginning or birth. Latin (usually borrowing from Greek) also calls it Genesis. And English borrowing from those two also calls it Genesis.

  • Author

The author of Genesis has been a great debate in the recent years. Here is where the chips fall. The text makes no claims of authorship. Jewish and Christian tradition attributes it to Moses as a part of the Pentateuch. The rest of the Bible attests to this traditional belief. However if you are German and a Biblical scholar and live in between 1800-1900 you might claim otherwise. As we saw in the last blog they believe in the JEDP Documentary Hypothesis Theory. And this theory is popularly taught on the History Channel, PBS, and most other popular level Biblical programs. However I have tried to show it is a load of manure. There is not that much behind it and it grows out of the arrogance and antisupernaturalism of the modern era. But it you want to believe it fine. But I believe it is a terrible theory and only feeds into man's pride.

  • Date Written

The date that Genesis is written is hard to pin down since it is a historical narrative (history story) and really does not remove itself from that position. But if you believe that Moses wrote Genesis there are several choices you can choose from. Either he wrote it before the Exodus, while still in Egypt (1490 BC). Or he wrote it in his spare time in the wilderness (1425 BC). Or he wrote it towards the end of his life and towards the end of Israel's time in the wilderness (1407 BC).

  • The Purpose

The purpose of the book to its original audience (the new Jewish nation leaving Egypt) is to remind the Israelites of their history as God's people and to give the foundation for their claims to the land that they were going to (Genesis 15:16; 46:4). The purpose for us today is to learn about all the foundational information from Genesis. Genesis tells us about the beginning of the world, what kind of God God is; The line of Abraham. Just read Hebrews 11 to learn about some of the characters that come from Genesis. On top of that there are great theological teachings in Genesis. There is one God, he created the world, man is in the image of God, the problem in the world is that sin entered in through us. God is holy and cannot stand sin. Man needs to be cleansed from sin in order to stand before God, man is saved by faith. God is sending someone who will bring creation back to a perfect Eden type state. And this is only the tip of the iceberg. One could go on and on about all the themes that begin in Genesis and find their fulfillment and further teaching throughout the Bible.


Genesis can be divided into two main sections. Genesis 1-11 has God focused on mankind in general. In chapters 12-50, God focuses in on one family and works through them, specifically the family of Abraham.

Genesis

Beginning of the Creation

Beginning of the Nation

Genesis 1-11

Genesis 12-50

Four pivotal events

Four pivotal people

Creation

Fall

Flood

Babel

Abraham

Isaac

Jacob

Joseph



  • Theological Themes


Genesis contains many deep theological themes that create a foundation for the rest of the Bible. The first theme is God as the creator, creating the world ex nihilo, or out of nothing. Many of the other creation stories of this time have God or a god creation the world on accident, or by rearranging material that is already there. Jewish monotheism is the only Ancient Near Eastern religion that has God speaking creation into existence. Furthermore, in most other creation accounts, man is created by the gods as merely a slave worker, or as a plaything of the gods. The Bible is teh only account that has God caring about man and creating him in the very image of God. What special placement and treatment by the Creator.



Another theme is the impact of sin upon the world. God made man, gave him work, gave him a helpmate, and called him to obey his instructions. However man rebelled against God. This through man's world and all of creation into the wrong state (Romans 8:22). The evil that man first let into this world only grew over time. One of the following sins of the Bible is Cain killing his own brother Able. And it only continued to grow. Creation is indeed waiting for this world to be renewed and regenerated by the Redeemer.
This leads into the next theme. Everything went wrong. God though had already prepared a plan. He was going to send someone to fix the problems of this world and crush the serpant who helped bring this trouble in here (Genesis 3:15). God began working out his plan through covanents, or agreements. He made a covanent with Abraham and David that directly worked the redeemer into this world. Jesus is the fulfillment of this recreation plan.

Finally there is the idea of monotheism. Earlier nations all contained polytheism (think of Greek, Roman, and Egyptian gods systems). The strong message of Genesis is that there is one God. He reveals himself to Abraham and Abraham's ancestors continue this line of thinking down through their family. Today we do not have many who hold to polytheism, but it has been the dominant teaching throughout history.

  • Issues of Debate

Creation is an obvious issue of debate here in the States. The Bible present a fairly clear picture of creation, it is out of nothing or ex nihilo. God did not take any pre-created matter and merely formed this world from it. Rather he spoke all into existence. However, then comes in the issue of evolution. There are several kinds of evolution, godless evolution (which is not a choice for any of those who might believe a smig of the Bible) and theistic evolution. Theistic evolution teaches that God used evolution to bring about all that we see. However, that is not the picture the Bible represents. And evolution itself is a theory, it is not a hard science (science by definition can be reproduced in the lab). I see no good reason to forfeit Biblical creation, for a theory that contains many holes. Also creation in and of itself is foundation for much of the Bible. God can demand obedience from us because he is the Creator and we are his creation. He also created us in his image, not merely using evolution to bring us about. These two fairly big teachings must be reconsidered or thrown out if evolution is considered an absolute truth. But because it is merely a theory, we can hang onto the implications of Creation in 7 days and a Creator who gives us his image and calls us to obedience.


Christology is the teachings about the coming Messiah, or Christ. The first mention of the coming Messiah is in Genesis 3:15, where he is the one who will crush the serpants head. This is called the protoevangelium, which means the first (proto) message of the good news (evangelium). The coming one is also mentioned as the seed of Abraham. In Genesis 26:4 and in 28:14, he is the one who will bless all the nations.

Genesis 1:1

Friday, July 17, 2009

A long one, but there is some good stuff in here

Bible Survey

Introduction to the Pentateuch

  • Books
    • The Pentateuch covers from Genesis to Deuteronomy

  • Time span
    • It begins with Creation and goes to roughly 1407 BC
    • What are some of the different events in the Pentateuch?
      • Creation
      • Fall
      • Flood
      • Call of Abraham
      • Family of Abraham
      • Isaac
      • Jacob
      • Joseph
      • Moses
      • Israel the nation
        Some pretty big things are going on in these books

  • Author(s), the authorship argument is a big issue for the study of these books
    • The Pentateuch claims
      • Exodus 24:4-7
      • Numbers 33:1-2
      • Ok the claims of the books of the Pentateuch itself are fairly straightforward, but what about other books of the OT
    • Old Testament
    • Jewish tradition
      • Moses wrote the books of Genesis to Deuteronomy
    • What does Jesus say about the matter
      • John 5:46-4
      • Luke 24:27
        • Jesus on the road to Emmaus
      • Mark 7:13
        • Jesus quotes from Exodus and says Moses says it
        • The Bible seems to be fairly clear on this issue but some disagree.

    • JEDP Documentary Hypothesis (a short history), straight from Old German Theology to your computer
      • Parts of the OT claim to use sources for information
      • Beginning around 1800, Scholars attempted to first decipher the different unnamed sources in the Pentateuch
        • They divided the sources by the names of God used in each section. J is for YHWH, E is for Elohim
      • This development led to skepticism of Mosaic authorship. By 1805, one scholar W.M.L. de Wette taught that none of the Pentateuch came before the time of David (at least 400 years after Moses)
      • Julius Wellhausen (mid 19th c. to early 20th) popularized the JEDP
        Here is a picture of ole' Julius




        Here is what he argued
        • J – YHWH documents were written about 850 BC, by a Judean author. Pro-Judean. Concerned with specific theology as YHWH as God alone
        • E – Elohim documents written about 750 BC, by a Northern kingdom author. Less concerned with theology, portrays Moses as the prophet and God communicating through dreams
        • Around 650 BC these documents were combined.
        • D – Deuteronomic school wrote around 621 BC at the revival of Josiah. Concerned with taking down the high places
        • P – (570 BC) Priestly documents written with the idea of holiness and specific worship rituals in mind.
        • How did they divide the text when it appears line by line in a book format? Which line is an E line, which section is a D section? Created much scholarly debate.
        • Now not only are there multiple authors of Genesis to Deuteronomy, but there are also multiple and competing theologies.

      • Critique of JEDP theory (Gleason Archer A Survey of the OT Chapter 8)
        • JEDP theory was developed in a Deistic philosophical universe. It presupposes that supernatural revelation is impossible. Example, Moses could not have been the author of Deuteronomy because Deuteronomy 28:58-68 happened much later in Israel's history. How could Moses know what would happen, not by God's foreknowledge, but because it was written after the fact.
        • Scholars assumed that the authors of the Bible could only use one name for God (J or E) or only one style of writing (D or P). Because obviously authors only use one name and one style (I am not sure how obvious my sarcasm is here).
        • Even though it claims to be an objective scientific approach, subjectivity reigns in their archaeological reasoning. Biblical information is considered with skepticism, while archaeological and pagan documentation is considered more reliable. In discrepancies between the two, the pagan documentation is shown favor. This skepticism is without cause, seeing as how time and time again archaeology proves the Bible’s historicity. Rather the Bible is just evidence of people’s political propaganda.
        • Wellhausen begins with the presupposition that Jewish monotheism evolved from pantheistic roots, despite the textual evidence. All straightforward accounts are reworked by this presupposition.
        • Although Semitic literature is repetitious in nature, scholars assume that repetition is evidence of multiple sources. (Reading our cultural and literary rules into their culture and literature). Repetition is not for emphasis but proves multiple authors/editors.
        • They assume that they and only they have been able to figure out the text after 3,400 of distance. They know what really happened at this event. The arrogance in writings is really astonishing.
        • They divide the text where the text does not divide itself. If you believe that this is God’s word, then this is a big deal for you.
        • I believe this field of scholarship is asking the wrong questions, with the wrong presuppositions and therefore getting the wrong answers.

  • What is the nature of the Bible
    • Inspired Word of God
      • Answers some of man’s deepest questions, guidebook for our life.
        • Who is man?
        • Who is God?
        • What does God expect of me?
        • What is the purpose of life?
        • What is going on here (in life)? Tell me what's goin' on.
        • Is there an afterlife?
        • What must I do to be saved?
        • This is not just an intellectual question for us, but one that hits to the very core of who we are and what our lives are all about.
      • Claims to be inspired by God
      • Autographs (Originals) and Copies
        • We believe the autographs are inerrant
          • BUT We don’t have the originals!
        • The copies may have errors
          • Problem, there are variations in the copies (just as if I was to miscopy a verse from the Bible). How can we know what the original message is?
          • Copies of the NT
            • For the NT we have 5,686 known Greek copies (either fragments of books or whole books) that date from the 2nd to the 5th c. That does not count copies in other languages. There are 19,284 copies in other languages, some in Latin, Ethiopic, Slavic, and other languages. Altogether there are 24,970 copies. They go all the way back to the late 1st or early 2nd c. Now compared to other ancient documents. Homer’s Illiad, earliest copies go back 400 years after it was written and there are only 643 ancient copies available.
          • Copies of the OT that we have
            • Dead Sea Scrolls (written 300BC – 50AD), discovered in the 1940s
            • Lenigrad Manuscript (written around 1010 AD) – Masoritic text, standard text for Hebrew scholarship today
            • The Dead Sea scrolls date from 3rd c. BC to 1st c. AD. They are important because they can be compared to copies from much later and confirm the accuracy of these separate copies.
          • We have many different copies and they are very old in different languages from different parts of the world, so we can compare them. When there are variations, we can see what they are and how we might reconcile them.
          • For the most part there is little variation between the texts we have

      • Conclusion
        • Many claim today that the bible is no different than the Koran or that Jesus is a prophet just like Buddha or Mohammed.
        • If we were all trying to philosophize and figure out who God is on our own then yes we are all on a level playing field. If we are all searching after truth and groping in the dark for it, then yes Jesus’ words are on par with any other “religious” teacher. But if we believe that God has revealed himself to his prophets long ago and even more so through his Son, then what they say is the truth. We are no longer trying to figure out God, but he is communicating with us. This is God’s self-revelation to us. Hebrews 1:1-2.
  • We don’t study because it makes us feel good or believe because we believe the Bible is a great work of literature. No we study it because the Bible has authority and God is the one who gives it that authority. This is why we study our Bibles and this is why we trust God's Word.

Monday, July 13, 2009

Historical divisions (we are almost to the intro of the OT)

Periods

OT Historical Books

Supplement Books

Chronology

Antediluvian (Pre-Flood)

Genesis

Postdiluvian (Post-Flood)

Patriarchal

Job

2092-1877 BC

Egyptian

Exodus 1-15

1877-1447 BC

Wilderness

Exodus 16-40

Numbers

Leviticus

Deuteronomy

1447-1407 BC

Conquest

Joshua

1407-1367 BC

Judges

Judges

Ruth

1367-1045 BC

United Monarchy

1 and 2 Samuel

1 Kings 1-11

1 Chronicles 1 – 2

Chronicles 9

Psalms

Proverbs

Ecclesiastes

Song of Songs

1045-931 BC

Divided Monarchy

1 Kings 12 – 2 Kings 17

2 Chronicles 10-28

931-722 BC

Assyrian

Isaiah

Nahum

Habakkuk

Zephaniah

722-605 BC

Babylonian

Jeremiah

Ezekiel

Daniel

605-538 BC

Persian

Ezra

Esther

Nehemiah

Haggai

Zechariah

Malachi

538-432 BC


Here is a chart of the historical divisions on the Bible. In the far left are the names of the different historical divisions covered by the OT. In the middle rows are the corresponding historical and supplemental books. Then on the far right are the dates assigned to the different divisions.

Wednesday, July 1, 2009

Sorry I haven't blogged in a while. About a month and a half ago, I started working on a Bible study for some people at church. This left me little time to keep up with the Hebrews study. We are still doing the study and will continue for a while, so instead of not blogging at all, I figured I would put up the Bible Survey Bible Study I have been getting together. I freely admit that all this information is not my own but is borrowed from lots of different sources. So if anyone wants to know where I am getting it from, just ask and I can get you a book name or author.

Without further ado or explanation, here is the new direction for my blog: Bible Survey.

Bible Study
Introduction
Getting to know the Old Testament

How the OT is organized:
We divide our Bible into 2 main sections the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament (OT) is organized into 5 sections

Genesis to Deuteronomy is called the Law or Pentateuch
Joshua to Esther is the History
Job to Song of Songs is Poetry
Isaiah to Daniel is the Major Prophets
Hosea to Malachi is the Minor Prophets

Jews divide their sacred writings into three sections
The Torah (Law): Genesis to Deuteronomy
Prophets (The Former and the Latter): Joshua to The Twelve
The Writings: Psalms to 2 Chronicles

Here is a handy table to illustrate the differences

Hebrew Scriptures

English Bible

Torah

Genesis

Law (The Pentateuch)

Genesis

Exodus

Exodus

Leviticus

Leviticus

Numbers

Numbers

Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy

Former Prophets

Joshua

History

Joshua

Judges

Judges

1 and 2 Samuel

Ruth

1 and 2 Kings

1 and 2 Samuel

Latter Prophets

Isaiah

1 and 2 Kings

Jeremiah

1 and 2 Chronicles

Ezekiel

Ezra

The Twelve

Hosea

Nehemiah

Joel

Esther

Amos

Poetry (Wisdom Literature)

Job

Obadiah

Psalms

Jonah

Proverbs

Micah

Ecclesiastes

Nahum

Song of Songs

Habakkuk

Major Prophets

Isaiah

Zephaniah

Jeremiah

Haggai

Lamentations

Zechariah

Ezekiel

Malachi

Daniel

The Writings

Psalms

The Minor Prophets

Hosea

Job

Joel

Proverbs

Amos

Ruth

Obadiah

Song of Songs

Jonah

Ecclesiastes

Micah

Lamentations

Nahum

Esther

Habakkuk

Daniel

Zephaniah

Ezra/Nehemiah

Haggai

1 and 2 Chronicles

Zechariah

Malachi



The really noticeable difference is that Chronicles is at the end of the Jewish Bible while it is in the middle of the Christian OT. The reason the Jews put it at the end is in part because it serves as a summation of all of Israel's history (Adam to the exile) and has a hopeful theology towards the future.


Here are some fun stats from the OT
The longest book is Psalms
The shortest book is Obadiah
The longest chapter is Psalm 119
The shortest chapter is Psalm 117


Quick history of the OT
The OT was written in 2 different languages, Hebrew and Aramaic
Some of the authors of the books include Moses, David, Amos, Joshua, Solomon, and many more. Of course, I believe the Bible is the inspired word of God so whoever the human author may be, God ultimately is speaking through the Bible. It is not just a good book of wisdom, but it has authority and meaning because it is God's word to us.

The OT was written over 1000 years 1400-400 BC, roughly speaking. Covers from THE Beginning until the exile of Israel.

This is a good place for us to land in this study. I will keep posting these lessons that I am putting together. I hope you enjoy them as much as I have enjoyed studying for them.